/* thai */
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Noto Sans Thai';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 100 900;
  font-stretch: 100%;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(fonts/noto-sans-thai-thai.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+02D7, U+0303, U+0331, U+0E01-0E5B, U+200C-200D, U+25CC;
}
/* latin-ext */
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Noto Sans Thai';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 100 900;
  font-stretch: 100%;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(fonts/noto-sans-thai-latin-ext.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0100-02BA, U+02BD-02C5, U+02C7-02CC, U+02CE-02D7, U+02DD-02FF, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+1D00-1DBF, U+1E00-1E9F, U+1EF2-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20C4, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF;
}
/* latin */
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Noto Sans Thai';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 100 900;
  font-stretch: 100%;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(fonts/noto-sans-thai-latin.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}
:root{--paper:#f8fafb;--ink:#152430;--muted:#536571;--accent:#4b7787;--line:#c9d5db;--soft:#e7eff2}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth}body{margin:0;color:var(--ink);background:var(--paper);font-family:'Noto Sans Thai',Anuphan,'Sarabun',-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',sans-serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}a{color:inherit;text-underline-offset:.2em}img{display:block;max-width:100%}::selection{background:#b6d1d9;color:#152430}.skip-link{position:absolute;top:-99px;background:#fff;z-index:100;padding:10px}.skip-link:focus{top:0}.site-header{height:94px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:0 clamp(22px,4.2vw,88px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper)}.masthead{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:12px;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap}.masthead span{font-size:29px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.05em}.masthead small{font-size:9px;letter-spacing:.25em;font-weight:600}.header-right{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:36px}.journal-note{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.language{display:flex;border:1px solid #a1b4be;border-radius:30px;padding:3px;gap:3px}.lang-item{font:700 11px/1.4 system-ui,sans-serif;padding:8px 12px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:20px;color:#425b69}.lang-item.active{background:var(--ink);color:#fff}.hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:46fr 54fr;max-width:1760px;margin:auto;min-height:min(750px,85vh);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.hero-copy{padding:clamp(40px,6vw,112px) clamp(30px,5vw,98px) clamp(46px,6vw,95px) clamp(30px,5vw,98px);display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start}.intro-label{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.03em;color:var(--accent);font-weight:700;margin-bottom:clamp(32px,7vh,90px)}h1{font-size:clamp(43px,5vw,80px);letter-spacing:-.052em;line-height:1.22;font-weight:800;margin:0 0 30px;max-width:780px;text-wrap:balance}.hero-deck{font-size:clamp(18px,1.45vw,23px);line-height:1.8;max-width:540px;margin:0 0 19px}.hero-accent{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.7;margin:0 0 70px}.read-anchor{font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink);padding-bottom:9px}.read-anchor span{font-size:20px;margin-left:25px}.hero-photo{margin:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-width:0;background:#314855}.hero-photo img{width:100%;flex:1;height:100%;max-height:850px;object-fit:cover;object-position:center}.hero-photo figcaption{min-height:34px;padding:10px 20px;color:#edf4f6;font-size:11px;line-height:1.4}.article-entry{margin:0 auto;max-width:1270px;padding:66px clamp(25px,5vw,85px) 0}.article-line{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:17px;font-size:11px;color:var(--muted)}.article-lede{font-size:clamp(24px,2.2vw,36px);line-height:1.8;letter-spacing:-.018em;max-width:1060px;margin:60px auto 85px;font-weight:600}.article-lede p{margin:0}.article-longform{padding:0 20px}.article-body,.article-section,.sources{max-width:740px;margin:0 auto}.article-body p,.article-section p{font-size:clamp(17px,1.4vw,19px);line-height:1.99;letter-spacing:.002em;margin:0 0 29px;overflow-wrap:break-word}.article-body{padding-bottom:24px}.article-section{padding:45px 0 22px}.article-section h2{font-size:clamp(29px,2.55vw,40px);line-height:1.42;letter-spacing:-.035em;font-weight:750;margin:0 0 35px}.article-section strong,.article-body strong{color:#113c4d}.photo-break{margin:80px auto 55px;max-width:1180px}.photo-break img{width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:3/2;object-fit:cover;background:#e0e8ec}.photo-break.portrait{max-width:620px}.photo-break.portrait img{aspect-ratio:4/5}.photo-break figcaption{padding:13px 2px;font-size:11px;color:#51646e}.sources{border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:30px 0 50px;margin-top:50px;margin-bottom:90px}.sources p{font-size:13px;line-height:1.8;color:var(--muted)}.sources ul{padding-left:22px;line-height:1.9}.sources li{font-size:13px;margin-bottom:10px}.sources strong{font-size:15px}.footer{border-top:1px solid var(--line);background:#eaf0f2;padding:65px clamp(20px,5vw,90px) 45px;min-height:310px}.footer-name{font-size:32px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.05em}.footer-name span{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.18em;margin-left:14px}.footer p{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}.footer .footer-disclaimer{color:#536571;margin-top:38px}.footer>a{display:inline-block;font-size:12px;margin-top:25px}.footer-languages{display:flex;gap:6px;margin-top:25px}.footer-languages a{text-decoration:underline;font-size:12px}.footer-languages .active{color:#315768}.footer-languages .lang-item{padding:4px}.footer-languages .lang-item.active{background:none}.photo-break img:not([src]){min-height:350px}
@media(max-width:900px){.journal-note{display:none}.site-header{height:77px;padding:0 22px}.hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;min-height:0}.hero-copy{padding:56px 26px 60px}.intro-label{margin-bottom:33px}h1{font-size:clamp(40px,9vw,66px);margin-bottom:24px}.hero-accent{margin-bottom:32px}.hero-photo{height:auto}.hero-photo img{aspect-ratio:5/4;height:auto;max-height:none}.article-entry{padding:45px 26px 0}.article-lede{margin:45px auto 60px}.article-longform{padding:0 26px}.article-section{padding-top:34px}.photo-break{margin:48px -26px 45px}.photo-break figcaption{padding-left:26px;padding-right:26px}.photo-break.portrait{max-width:520px;margin:45px auto}.sources{margin-bottom:64px}}@media(max-width:450px){.masthead span{font-size:25px}.masthead small{font-size:8px;letter-spacing:.1em}.header-right{gap:10px}.lang-item{padding:6px 9px}.hero-copy{padding:43px 20px 44px}h1{font-size:39px;line-height:1.33;letter-spacing:-.04em;text-wrap:wrap}.hero-deck{font-size:17px}.hero-photo img{aspect-ratio:4/5}.article-entry{padding:35px 20px 0}.article-line{font-size:10px}.article-lede{font-size:23px;line-height:1.8;letter-spacing:0;margin:38px 0 52px}.article-longform{padding:0 20px}.article-body p,.article-section p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.92}.article-section h2{font-size:30px}.photo-break{margin:43px -20px}.photo-break figcaption{padding-left:20px}.photo-break.portrait{margin:44px -10px}.sources ul{padding-left:18px}.sources li{overflow-wrap:anywhere}.footer{padding:56px 20px 45px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}}
/* Keep the exact selected photographs and their editorial focal points. */
.photo-break img[data-local-file="assets/bangkok-rain-window.webp"],.photo-break img[data-local-file="assets/pavement-detail.webp"]{aspect-ratio:16/9}
.photo-break img[data-local-file="assets/bangkok-tuktuk-rain.webp"]{object-position:50% 100%}
/* Reserve photo space before lazy images arrive, including portrait inserts. */
.hero-photo img{min-height:0}
:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #315d72;outline-offset:4px}



/* PHIWFON contextual editorial bridge to ZCONY — scoped to this website only. */
.zcony-editorial-bridge {
  margin: clamp(56px, 8vw, 100px) 0;
  padding: clamp(24px, 4vw, 50px) 0;
  border-top: 1px solid #8da3ac;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #8da3ac;
  color: #162632;
  background: transparent;
}
.zcony-editorial-bridge .zcony-bridge-eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 16px;
  color: #506b79;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: .025em;
}
.zcony-editorial-bridge h2 {
  margin: 0 0 24px;
  font-weight: 750;
  font-size: clamp(25px, 3.5vw, 39px);
  line-height: 1.35;
  letter-spacing: -.03em;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}
.zcony-editorial-bridge p:not(.zcony-bridge-eyebrow):not(.zcony-bridge-disclosure) {
  font-size: clamp(16px, 1.4vw, 18px);
  line-height: 1.85;
  margin-bottom: 17px;
}
.zcony-editorial-bridge .zcony-bridge-link {
  display: inline-block;
  color: #173c50;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 5px;
  text-decoration-line: underline;
  font-weight: 650;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin: 12px 0 20px;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}
.zcony-editorial-bridge .zcony-bridge-link:hover,
.zcony-editorial-bridge .zcony-bridge-link:focus-visible {
  color: #006e82;
  text-decoration-thickness: 2px;
}
.zcony-editorial-bridge .zcony-bridge-disclosure {
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.75;
  color: #556a75;
  margin: 3px 0 0;
}
@media (max-width: 450px) {
 .zcony-editorial-bridge { margin: 54px 0; padding: 30px 0; }
 .zcony-editorial-bridge h2 { font-size: 27px; }
 .zcony-editorial-bridge .zcony-bridge-link { font-size: 15px; }
}

/* Fit the supplied bridge to PHIWFON current longform reading column. */
.zcony-editorial-bridge{max-width:740px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}